留

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See also: 畱 and 畄
留 U+7559, 留
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7559
← 畘
[U+7558] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 畚 →
[U+755A]
留 U+F9CD, 留
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9CD
← 琉
[U+F9CC] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 硫 →
[U+F9CE]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

留 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹田 (HHW), four-corner 77602, composition ⿱⿰𠂎刀田)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 761, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21808
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1171, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2537, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+7559

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (卯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
卯 *mruːʔ
昴 *mruːʔ
泖 *mruːʔ
茆 *mruːʔ, *m·ruʔ
奅 *m̥ʰruːs
窌 *m̥ʰruːs, *m·ruː, *m·rus
聊 *m·rɯːw
貿 *mlus
鄮 *mlus
劉 *m·ru
留 *m·ru, *m·rus
蒥 *m·ru
鶹 *m·ru
騮 *m·ru
榴 *m·ru
瑠 *ru
瘤 *m·ru, *m·rus
遛 *m·ru
鎦 *m·ru
飀 *m·ru
鰡 *m·ru
嵧 *m·ru
餾 *m·ru, *m·rus
瀏 *m·ru, *m·ruʔ
懰 *m·ru, *m·ruʔ
柳 *m·ruʔ
珋 *m·ruʔ
罶 *m·ruʔ
嬼 *m·ruʔ, *m·rus
溜 *m·rus
霤 *m·rus
廇 *m·rus
塯 *m·rus

In bronze inscriptions, phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru, *m·rus) : phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 田 (“field”). Later in small seal script, phonetic 丣 (OC *luʔ) + semantic 田.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 留
2nd round simp. 畄
alternative forms
 
畄
畱
㽞
𤰛
𤱊
畄
畱
㽞
𤰛
𤱊
𬎿

Note: liù - "belly fat".
Note:
  • lâu - vernacular;
  • liû - literary.
Note:
  • liu5 - literary;
  • lao5 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 留
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力求切
Baxter ljuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/liəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/luw/
Li
Rong 		/liu/
Wang
Li 		/lĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/li̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		liú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lau4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 留
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		liú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ljuw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.ru/
English stay, remain

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 留
Reading # 1/2
No. 8882
Phonetic
component 		卯
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		劉
Old
Chinese 		/*m·ru/
Notes 說文丣聲誤，金文實卯聲

Definitions[edit]

留

  1. to stay; to remain
    留北京二十五日  ―  liú běijīng èrshíwǔ rì  ―  stay in Beijing for 25 days
  2. to ask someone to stay; to detain
  3. to keep; to save; to hold in reserve; to retain; to maintain
  4. to leave behind (a package, a message, an impression, etc.)
    你可以給我留個電話嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    你可以给我留个电话吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ kěyǐ gěi wǒ liú ge diànhuà ma? [Pinyin]
    Can you give me your phone number?
  5. Short for 留學／留学 (liúxué, “to study abroad”).
    留美  ―  liúměi  ―  to study in the US
  6. to accept (a gift)
  7. to allow to grow
    留鬍子／留胡子  ―  liú húzi  ―  to grow a beard
    將頭髮留到落腰 [Cantonese, trad.]
    将头发留到落腰 [Cantonese, simp.]
    zoeng1 tau4 faat3 lau4 dou3 lok6 jiu1 [Jyutping]
    have one's hair grow to waist-length
    留長頭髮／留长头发 [Cantonese]  ―  lau4 coeng4 tau4 faat3 [Jyutping]  ―  to let one's hair grow long
  8. to concentrate (on something)
    留心  ―  liúxīn  ―  to look out for
    留神  ―  liúshén  ―  to take care; to be careful
  9. Alternative form of 流 (liú)
  10. a surname

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

simp. and trad.
 留
alternative forms 𢕍
𢔲

Rime
Character 留
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力救切
Baxter ljuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/liəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/luwH/
Li
Rong 		/liuH/
Wang
Li 		/lĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/li̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		liù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lau6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 留
Reading # 2/2
No. 8905
Phonetic
component 		卯
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		溜
Old
Chinese 		/*m·rus/

Definitions[edit]

留

  1. (archaic) to wait; to await

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 3[edit]

simp. and trad.
 留

Definitions[edit]

留

  1. Alternative name for 昴 (mǎo).

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

留

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. detain
  2. fasten
  3. halt
  4. stop
  5. ateji (当て字) for ruble (unit of currency)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

留 (eumhun 머무를 류 (meomureul ryu), South Korea 머무를 유 (meomureul yu))

  1. Hanja form? of 류/유 (“stay”).

Compounds[edit]

Old Korean[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

  • 以 (logographic variant used in Idu and Gugyeol texts)

Particle[edit]

留 (*-lwo)

  1. to; towards (directional case marker)
  2. by; with; using (instrumental case marker)

Usage notes[edit]

留 takes the vowel-initial allomorph 乙留 or 乙以 after a consonant, corresponding exactly to the Middle and Modern Korean allomorph 으로 (Yale: ulo) also appearing after a consonant.

Reconstruction notes[edit]

Conventionally reconstructed as *-lwo after the Middle Korean reflex, although the source Chinese readings suggest a different vowel. Many scholars suggest *-lwu instead.

Descendants[edit]

  • Middle Korean: 로 (-lwo)
    • Korean: 로 (ro)

References[edit]

  • 이승재 (Lee Seung-jae) (2000) “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [chajapyogi jaryoui gyeokjosa yeon'gu, Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography [of Korean]]”, in Gugeo gungmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132
  • 박지용 外 (Park Ji-yong et al.) (2012) 향가 해독 자료집 [hyangga haedok jaryojip, A Sourcebook of Hyangga Interpretations], Seoul National University, pages 199—200

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

留: Hán Nôm readings: lưu

  1. to stay
  2. to detain; keep
  3. (computing); to save files
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