朝

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See also: 萌
朝 U+671D, 朝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-671D
← 朜
[U+671C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 朞 →
[U+671E]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character[edit]

朝 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十十月 (JJB), four-corner 47420, composition ⿰龺月)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 506, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14374
  • Dae Jaweon: page 885, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2084, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+671D

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 朝
2nd round simp. 䢁
alternative forms 𦩻
晁
𨊸／䢁
調／调 ancient
鼂／鼌

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 朝
Shang Western Zhou Warring States
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Qin slip script
Characters in the same phonetic series (朝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嘲 *ʔr'eːw
廟 *mrews
朝 *ʔr'ew, *r'ew
潮 *r'ew

In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 2 or 4 屮 (“grass”) or even 木 (“tree”) + 日 (“sun”) + 月 (“moon”) – the sun rising above the ground while the waning moon is still in the sky – the morning.

In the bronze script, it was a compound of 𠦝 and a pictograph of a river (川 or 水) – this was possibly an original form for 潮 (OC *r'ew, “tide”). The river glyph may be a corruption of 月 due to association with tides or diurnal events. Chi (2010) considers such forms to be phono-semantic (形聲／形声) , where 𠦝 is the abbreviated form of the phonetic 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew). In the some late Western Zhou forms, 𠦝 was corrupted into a form resembling 車.

According to Guo Moruo, in the stone drum inscriptions (石鼓文 (shígǔwén), likely from the Spring and Autumn period) 㫃 was added (attached to 車), and the river glyph was replaced with 舟 (OC *tjɯw), which was interpreted as the phonetic component; the small seal script might have inherited from this form. Shuowen interpreted the fused components of 𠦝 and 㫃 as a semantic component 倝 (“dawn”). However, the accuracy of identification has been questioned; the character was a heavily weathered one in which the 㫃 identification was probably spurious and likely influenced by the Shuowen. Meanwhile, the 舟 component on the right remained somewhat legible.[1]

The 舟 component remained in the bamboo and wooden slips of the Warring States period (see the table). In the clerical script since the Han dynasty, 舟 had been reverted to 月; it is unclear whether this was a remnant from 月 in the oracle bone script or a corruption of 舟 (as in 朕 < 𦩎 and many other characters). The current form is essentially inherited from the clerical script.

Etymology[edit]

“Morning” > “perform the morning ceremony” > “to go/come to court; to have an audience”. Derivative: 潮 (OC *r'ew, “morning tide”).

Perhaps related to Thai เพรา (prao, “morning”) (Manomaivibool, 1975).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • ziao1 - Shantou;
  • ziou1 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 朝
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 宵 (92)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 陟遙切
Baxter trjew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʈˠiᴇu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈᵚiɛu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȶiæu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈiaw/
Li
Rong 		/ȶjɛu/
Wang
Li 		/ȶĭɛu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȶi̯ɛu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhāo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ziu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 朝
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhāo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ trjew ›
Old
Chinese 		/*t<r>aw/
English morning

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 朝
Reading # 1/2
No. 1307
Phonetic
component 		朝
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		朝
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔr'ew/
Notes 甲文作日月同在草中表清晨，
非舟聲

Definitions[edit]

朝

  1. morning
    朝夕  ―  zhāoxī  ―  morning and evening; all the time
  2. daytime; day; full day
  3. (obsolete) beginning; start
  4. (Cantonese, Hakka, Northern Min) breakfast
  5. a surname
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 早晨 (“early morning”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 晨, 朝
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 早晨, 清早, 清晨
Mandarin Beijing 早晨, 早起
Tianjin 早上, 早晨
Jinan 早晨, 早晨起來
Xi'an 趕起, 早起
Wuhan 早晨
Chengdu 早晨, 清早
Liuzhou 早晨頭
Yangzhou 早上, 早晨
Hefei 早上
Singapore 早晨
Cantonese Guangzhou 朝頭早, 朝早
Hong Kong 朝頭早, 朝早
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 一早
Macau 朝早
Guangzhou (Panyu) 朝頭早
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 朝頭早
Guangzhou (Conghua) 早朝早
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 朝頭朝早
Foshan 朝頭早
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 朝頭早
Foshan (Shunde) 朝頭早
Foshan (Sanshui) 朝頭早
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 侵早
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 晨早
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 朝頭早
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 朝頭, 朝早
Zhuhai (Doumen) 朝早
Jiangmen (Baisha) 朝早
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 朝早
Taishan 朝頭早, 早朝, 朝早
Kaiping (Chikan) 朝頭早
Enping (Niujiang) 一皓
Heshan (Yayao) 朝早
Dongguan 朝頭早
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 朝早
Hepu (Shatian) 早朝, 早晨
Beihai 朝間早
Beihai (Nankang) 朝間早
Beihai (Yingpan) 早朝頭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 朝頭早, 朝間早
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 朝早
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 朝早頭
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 天光早
Singapore (Guangfu) 晨早
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 朝頭早
Móng Cái 朝早
Gan Nanchang 清早, 早上
Hakka Meixian 朝晨, 朝晨頭
Dabu (Gaobei) 朝晨早
Fengshun (Tangkeng) 朝晨頭
Fengshun (Fengliang) 朝晨早
Fengshun (Pantian) 朝晨
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 早晨
Dongguan (Qingxi) 朝晨頭
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 朝晨頭
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 朝晨早
Conghua (Lütian) 早上
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 朝晨, 朝晨頭
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 朝晨, 朝晨頭
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 朝晨, 朝晨頭
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 朝晨, 朝晨頭
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 晨早, 晨早頭
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 晨早, 晨早時務
Sabah (Bao'an) 早晨
Jin Taiyuan 早晨, 打早, 打早起, 早起, 清早
Northern Min Jian'ou 早頭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 早頭, 早起頭, 起早, 起早頭
Southern Min Xiamen 早起
Quanzhou 早起
Zhangzhou 早起
Taipei 早起
Manila (Hokkien) 早起
Chaozhou 眠起早, 眠起
Shantou 眠起早
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 停光, 光早
Sanxiang 通光
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 朝頭
Wu Shanghai 早浪, 早浪向, 早晨, 早晨頭, 清早晨
Suzhou 早浪
Ningbo 天亮, 天亮頭
Wenzhou 天光早, 天光
Xiang Changsha 早上, 早晨頭
Shuangfeng 早晨家
Dialectal synonyms of 早餐 (“breakfast”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 朝食, 饔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 早飯, 早餐
Mandarin Beijing 早飯, 早點
Taiwan 早飯, 早餐, 早點
Tianjin 點心
Ulanhot 早上飯
Tongliao 早上飯
Chifeng 早飯
Bayanhot 早飯
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 早上飯
Harbin 早上飯, 早飯
Shenyang 早飯
Yantai (Muping) 朝飯兒, 早飯
Jinan 早飯, 早晨飯, 早點
Luoyang 清早飯
Wanrong 早起飯
Zhengzhou 清早起來飯
Xi'an 乾早飯, 早飯
Yinchuan 早飯
Lanzhou 早飯
Xining 早起
Ürümqi 乾早飯, 早飯
Wuhan 早飯
Huanggang 早飯
Chengdu 早飯, 早餐
Guiyang 早飯
Kunming 早飯
Guilin 早飯, 早點
Liuzhou 早餐, 早飯, 早點
Xuzhou 早點, 早上飯, 早飯
Yangzhou 早飯
Nanjing 早飯, 點心
Hefei 早飯
Nantong 早飯
Malaysia 早餐
Singapore 早餐
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 趕早飯
Cantonese Guangzhou 早餐, 朝早飯, 朝
Hong Kong 早餐
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 早飯
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 早飯
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 早飯
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 早飯, 朝頭
Macau 早餐
Guangzhou (Panyu) 早餐
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 早飯
Guangzhou (Conghua) 早餐
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 早飯, 早餐
Foshan 早餐
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 粥
Foshan (Shunde) 早餐
Foshan (Sanshui) 朝早飯
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 早飯
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 早餐
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 早餐
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 早餐
Zhuhai (Doumen) 朝早飯
Jiangmen (Baisha) 朝早飯
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 早餐
Taishan 早餐
Kaiping (Chikan) 早餐
Enping (Niujiang) 早餐
Heshan (Yayao) 早飯
Dongguan 早餐
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 早餐
Shaoguan 早餐
Yunfu 早餐
Yangjiang 朝
Xinyi 朝
Lianjiang 朝
Nanning 過早
Wuzhou 過早
Yulin 早朝
Hepu (Lianzhou) 早朝
Danzhou 早朝
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 早餐
Singapore (Guangfu) 早餐
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 早餐
Gan Nanchang 早飯
Lichuan 早飯
Pingxiang 早飯
Hakka Meixian 朝
Xingning 朝
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 朝, 早餐
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 朝
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 朝
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 朝
Huidong (Daling) 朝
Dongguan (Qingxi) 朝
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 早餐, 朝
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 朝
Boluo (Bendihua) 早餐
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 朝
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 朝
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 朝, 早餐
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 早餐
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 朝
Wuhua (Huacheng) 朝
Wuhua (Changbu) 朝
Wuhua (Mianyang) 朝
Heyuan (Bendihua) 朝
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 朝
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 朝
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 朝
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 朝
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 朝
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 朝
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 朝
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 朝
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 朝
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 朝
Liannan 朝
Conghua (Lütian) 朝
Jiexi 朝
Changting 朝
Wuping 朝
Wuping (Pingyu) 朝
Liancheng 天光
Ninghua 朝飯
Yudu 晨朝
Ruijin 朝
Shicheng 朝飯
Shangyou (Shexi) 早晨
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 朝
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 朝
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 朝
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 朝
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 朝
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 早頓, 早, 晨早
Hong Kong 朝, 朝飯
Luchuan 朝
Luchuan (Daqiao) 朝, 早點
Sabah (Longchuan) 早餐
Senai (Huiyang) 朝, 早餐
Singkawang 朝
Huizhou Jixi 早飯
Shexian 早飯
Tunxi 天光
Xiuning 天光
Yixian 天光
Qimen 點心
Wuyuan 朝飯, 朝粥
Jin Taiyuan 早清飯, 清早飯, 打早飯
Pingyao 早起飯, 早晨飯
Xinzhou 打早飯, 早起飯, 早升飯
Taibus (Baochang) 早飯
Linhe 早飯
Jining 早飯
Hohhot 早飯
Baotou 早飯
Dongsheng 早飯
Haibowan 早點
Northern Min Jian'ou 早
Jian'ou (Dikou) 早
Songxi 飯
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 飯
Wuyishan 朝
Pucheng (Shibei) 朝
Eastern Min Fuzhou 早
Fuqing 飯, 早
Zhouning 飯
Southern Min Xiamen 早頓, 早起頓, 早起
Quanzhou 早頓, 早起頓, 早起
Yongchun 早起
Zhangzhou 早頓, 早起頓, 早起
Singapore (Hokkien) 早起頓, 早起, 早餐, 早頓
Manila (Hokkien) 早餐, 早起
Zhangping 飯
Zhangping (Yongfu) 飯
Chaozhou 眠起, 早餐
Shantou 猛早頓, 猛早, 早飯, 早糜
Haifeng 眠早
Bangkok (Teochew) 早餐, 早頓
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 早餐
Singapore (Teochew) 早餐
Leizhou 早糜, 早
Wenchang 糜旦, 天光糜, 早
Haikou 天光糜, 天光, 天光早糜, 天光早, 天光白糜, 天光白
Qionghai 早糜, 早餐
Singapore (Hainanese) 早餐
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 早餐
Sanxiang 早餐
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 過早, 朝飯, 點心
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 早飯
Wu Shanghai 早飯, 早點
Shanghai (Chongming) 飯
Suzhou 早飯
Wuxi 早飯, 早點
Danyang 早飯
Hangzhou 早飯
Ningbo 天亮飯
Wenzhou 天光
Jinhua 五更兒飯, 五更飯, 五更兒
Jinhua (Tangxi) 五更
Xiang Changsha 早飯
Loudi 早飯
Shuangfeng 早飯, 晨飯
Quanzhou 早飯
Descendants[edit]
Sino-Xenic (朝):
  • → Japanese: 朝(ちょう) (chō)
  • → Korean: 조(朝) (jo)
  • → Vietnamese: triêu (朝)

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note:
  • ciao5 - Shantou;
  • ciou5 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 朝
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 宵 (92)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 直遙切
Baxter drjew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɖˠiᴇu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɖᵚiɛu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȡiæu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɖiaw/
Li
Rong 		/ȡjɛu/
Wang
Li 		/ȡĭɛu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȡʱi̯ɛu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cháo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ciu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 朝
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		cháo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ drjew ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m-t<r>aw/
English (morning) audience at court

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 朝
Reading # 2/2
No. 1309
Phonetic
component 		朝
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		𪓙
Old
Chinese 		/*r'ew/

Definitions[edit]

朝

  1. (historical) to wish elders or seniors good health; to visit (a senior person)
  2. (historical) to have an audience with the king or emperor; to perform the morning ceremony; to go to court
  3. to make a pilgrimage to; to pay homage to
  4. to assemble; to call; to gather
  5. imperial court
  6. dynasty (line of rulers)
  7. emperor's reign; period ruled by a particular emperor or king
  8. government; imperial government
  9. affairs of the state
  10. (historical) courtier class
  11. (Huizhou) paternal grandfather
  12. to face
    朝著南邊／朝着南边  ―  cháozhe nánbiān  ―  facing the south
  13. towards; to; on
    朝前看  ―  cháo qián kàn  ―  look ahead [lit. look to the front]
  14. Short for 朝鮮／朝鲜 (Cháoxiǎn, “North Korea; Korea”).
    美朝關係／美朝关系  ―  Měi Cháo guānxì  ―  US-North Korea relations
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 祖父 (“paternal grandfather”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 祖父
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 祖父
Mandarin Beijing 爺爺
Taiwan 爺爺, 阿公
Tianjin 爺爺
Ulanhot 爺爺
Tongliao 爺爺
Chifeng 爺爺
Bayanhot 爺爺
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 爺爺
Harbin 爺, 爺爺
Shenyang 爺, 爺爺
Yantai (Muping) 爺, 爺爺
Qingdao 爺爺
Jinan 爺爺
Luoyang 爺
Wanrong 爺
Zhengzhou 爺爺, 爺 non-face-to-face
Xi'an 爺, 把把 Hui
Yinchuan 爺爺
Lanzhou 爺爺
Xining 爺爺, 爺, 爺兒
Ürümqi 爺爺, 阿爺 Hui, face-to-face
Wuhan 爹爹, 爺爺
Huanggang 爹爹
Chengdu 爺爺, 爺
Guiyang 太爺, 老太爺, 爺爺
Kunming 老爹
Guilin 爺爺
Liuzhou 阿公, 公, 爺爺
Xuzhou 爺爺
Yangzhou 爹爹
Nanjing 爺爺, 把把 Hui
Hefei 爹爹
Nantong 爹爹
Singapore 爺爺
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 爺爺
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 把把
Cantonese Guangzhou 阿爺, 爺爺 face-to-face
Hong Kong 阿爺, 爺爺
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 阿公, 阿爺
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 爺公 face-to-face, 阿公 non-face-to-face, 阿爺 non-face-to-face
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 阿公
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 阿公
Macau 阿爺
Guangzhou (Panyu) 阿爺
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 阿爺
Guangzhou (Conghua) 阿公
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 阿公, 阿爺
Foshan 阿爺
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 阿爺
Foshan (Shunde) 阿爺
Foshan (Sanshui) 阿爺
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 阿公
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 阿公
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 阿公
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 阿公
Zhuhai (Doumen) 阿公
Jiangmen (Baisha) 阿公
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 阿公
Taishan 阿爺
Kaiping (Chikan) 阿爺
Enping (Niujiang) 阿爺
Heshan (Yayao) 阿爺
Dongguan 阿公, 阿爺
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 阿公, 阿爺
Qingyuan 阿公
Fogang 阿公
Yingde (Hanguang) 阿公
Yangshan 阿公
Lianshan (Butian) 吾蒙
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 阿公
Shaoguan 阿公, 阿爺
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 阿公, 阿爺
Renhua 阿公, 阿爺
Lechang 阿爺
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 爺爺
Sihui 阿公, 阿爺
Guangning 阿公
Deqing 阿翁, 阿爺
Huaiji 阿公
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 翁
Yunfu 阿爺
Xinxing 阿爺
Luoding 阿爺
Yunan (Pingtai) 阿公
Yangjiang 阿公, 阿爺
Xinyi 阿公
Maoming (Xinpo) 阿公
Lianjiang 阿公, 公爹
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 爹, 阿爹
Nanning 阿公, 爺爺
Wuzhou 爺爺, 阿爺
Yulin 阿公, 阿爺
Hepu (Lianzhou) 阿公
Danzhou 爸
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 阿爺
Singapore (Guangfu) 阿爺, 爺爺
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 阿爺
Gan Nanchang 公公, 爺爺
Lichuan 公, 公兒
Pingxiang 公公
Hakka Meixian 阿公
Xingning 阿公
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 阿公
Huiyang 阿公
Huidong (Daling) 阿公
Dongguan (Qingxi) 阿公
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 阿公
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 阿公
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 阿公
Wuhua (Huacheng) 阿公
Wuhua (Changbu) 阿公
Wuhua (Mianyang) 阿公
Wuhua (Meilin) 阿公
Heyuan (Bendihua) 阿公
Wengyuan 阿公
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 公爹
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 阿公
Liannan 公
Conghua (Lütian) 阿公
Jiexi 阿公
Luhe 阿公
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 阿公
Changting 公爹
Wuping 公爹
Wuping (Yanqian) 公爹
Wuping (Pingyu) 阿公
Liancheng 爹
Ninghua 公公
Yudu 公爹 non-face-to-face, 公公 face-to-face
Ningdu 公公
Ruijin 公公, 公
Shicheng 公, 公公
Shangyou (Shexi) 爹爹, 阿爹
Tonggu (Sandu) 公爹
Ganzhou (Panlong) 爹爹
Dayu 爹爹
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 阿公
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 阿公
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 阿公
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 阿爹, 阿公
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 阿公
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 阿公
Hong Kong 阿公
Yangxi (Tangkou) 阿公
Yangchun (Sanjia) 阿公
Xinyi (Sihe) 阿公
Xinyi (Qianpai) 阿公
Gaozhou (Xindong) 阿公
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 阿公
Huazhou (Xin'an) 阿公
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 阿公
Lianjiang (Qingping) 阿公
Mengshan (Xihe) 公
Luchuan 阿公
Luchuan (Daqiao) 阿公
Sabah (Longchuan) 阿公
Senai (Huiyang) 阿公
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 阿公
Singkawang 阿公
Huizhou Jixi 朝, 阿朝 face-to-face
Shexian 朝, 朝朝, 朝奉, 老奉
Tunxi 朝朝, 老朝兒
Xiuning 阿朝, 阿爹
Yixian 老官
Qimen 老兒
Wuyuan 朝朝
Fuliang 公公, 大大
Dexing 老爹
Jingde 公公
Shitai (Xianyu) 大大
Jin Taiyuan 爺爺
Pingyao 爺爺
Xinzhou 爺爺 non-face-to-face, 爺爺啊 face-to-face, 呀爺 face-to-face
Taibus (Baochang) 爺爺
Linhe 爺爺
Jining 爺爺
Hohhot 爺爺
Baotou 爺爺
Dongsheng 爺爺
Haibowan 爺爺
Northern Min Jian'ou 公公, 爹爹, 老爹 face-to-face, 爺爺 new-style
Jian'ou (Dikou) 阿公
Songxi 家公
Zhenghe 公仔
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 公
Jianyang 爹爹
Wuyishan 爹爹
Pucheng (Shibei) 公爹
Eastern Min Fuzhou 依公, 公
Changle 依公
Fuqing 阿公
Yongtai 依公
Gutian 公
Fu'an 公
Ningde 翁
Zhouning 阿翁
Fuding 阿公
Matsu 依公
Singapore (Fuqing) 阿公
Southern Min Xiamen 阿公, 俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face
Xiamen (Tong'an) 阿公
Quanzhou 阿公, 引公, 內公 non-face-to-face
Jinjiang 俺公, 引公
Yongchun 阿公, 公
Zhangzhou 阿公, 咉公, 內公 non-face-to-face
Zhao'an 公
Taipei 阿公, 俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face; mT
New Taipei (Sanxia) 阿公
Kaohsiung 阿公
Yilan 阿公
Changhua (Lukang) 阿公, 俺公
Taichung 阿公
Taichung (Wuqi) 阿公
Tainan 阿公
Taitung 阿公
Hsinchu 阿公
Kinmen 俺公
Penghu (Magong) 阿公
Penang (Hokkien) 阿公, 公, 內公
Singapore (Hokkien) 俺公, 阿公, 內公
Manila (Hokkien) 俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face
Pingnan (Shangdu) 阿公
Chaozhou 阿公
Shantou 阿公
Shantou (Chenghai) 阿公
Jieyang 阿公
Haifeng 阿公, 公
Bangkok (Teochew) 阿公
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 內公
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 阿公
Singapore (Teochew) 阿公
Batam (Teochew) 阿公
Leizhou 尼公, 祖公, 公 face-to-face
Wenchang 公
Haikou 爸 non-face-to-face, 公 non-face-to-face, 阿爸 face-to-face, 阿公 face-to-face
Singapore (Hainanese) 阿公
Puxian Min Putian 阿公
Xianyou 阿公
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 爹, 太公, 阿爹, 阿公
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 爹爹
Shehua Fu'an 翁
Fuding 阿公
Luoyuan 阿公
Sanming 阿公
Shunchang 阿翁
Hua'an 公
Cangnan 公
Wu Shanghai 老爹, 爺爺
Shanghai (Chongming) 裡公
Suzhou 阿爹
Wuxi 爺爺
Danyang 爺爺
Hangzhou 爹爹, 爺爺, 阿爹
Ningbo 阿爺
Wenzhou 阿爺, 祖公 non-face-to-face, 祖公爺 non-face-to-face
Jinhua 爺爺
Xiang Changsha 爹爹, 爺爺, 公公
Xiangtan 公公, 公毑
Loudi 阿公, 公公, 佳佳
Shuangfeng 公公
Quanzhou 爹爹
Note mT - mainstream Taiwanese (no particular region identified)
Descendants[edit]
Sino-Xenic (朝):

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ 徐宝贵 (2007 July 15) “郭沫若《石鼓文研究》摹本及释文辨正”, in 考古学报 (in Chinese), numbers 2007-03, pages 313–338

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 朝
Kyūjitai
[1]
朝󠄁
朝+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
朝󠄃
朝+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

朝

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

From Middle Chinese 朝 (MC trjew, “morning”):

From Middle Chinese 朝 (MC drjew, “dynasty; imperial court; epoch”):

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
朝
あさ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *asa. Attested in the Man'yōshū of 759.[2]

Historically, a day was split into two halves:

  • Afternoon cycle: 朝 (asa) → 昼 (hiru) → 夕 (yū)
  • Evening cycle: 夕べ (yūbe) → 宵 (yoi) → 夜中 (yonaka) → 暁 (akatsuki) → 朝 (ashita)

While asa and ashita represent the same time period, asa was associated with beginning of the afternoon and ashita was associated with the end of the night. Both terms share an initial as- and are likely etymologically related.

Beyond Japonic, possibly related to Middle Korean 아ᄎᆞᆷ〮 (àchóm, “morning”) > Korean 아침 (achim). Alexander Vovin believes this is a Koreanic borrowing into Japanese, identifying Japanese つとめて (tsutomete) as the native Japonic root for "morning" (Vovin 2010, p. 224).

  • However, つとめて (tsutomete) is not attested until the late 800s or early 900s,[3] and root 夙 (tsuto) as in 夙に (tsuto ni, “early in the morning”, adverb) not until roughly 850.[4]

Alternatively, may be cognate with adjective 浅い (asai, “shallow; early”), verbs 浅せる (aseru, “to become shallow”) and 褪せる (aseru, “to fade, to become pale”).

  • The concepts of "shallow" and "deep" are used in other respects relative to time, such as 夜更かし (yofukashi, “staying up late into the night”) and 夜更け (yofuke, “very late at night”), where the fuk- root in both terms is from 深い (fukai, “deep; late, long-lasting”).[5]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

朝(あさ) • (asa) 

  1. the morning
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
朝
あした
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
晨 (morning)

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[9]

Historically, a day was split into two halves:

  • Afternoon cycle: 朝 (asa) → 昼 (hiru) → 夕 (yū)
  • Evening cycle: 夕べ (yūbe) → 宵 (yoi) → 夜中 (yonaka) → 暁 (akatsuki) → 朝 (ashita)

While asa and ashita represent the same time period, asa was associated with beginning of the afternoon and ashita was associated with the end of the night. Both terms share an initial as- and are likely etymologically related.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

朝(あした) • (ashita) 

  1. (archaic) the morning, morn
  2. (archaic) the morrow, next morning
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Idioms[edit]
Proverbs[edit]
Proverbs

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
朝
ちょう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

/teu/ → /t͡ɕeu/ → /t͡ɕoː/

The “morning” and “Korea” senses are from Middle Chinese 朝 (MC trjew).

The “imperial court”, “dynasty”, and “epoch” senses are from Middle Chinese 朝 (MC drjew), using the 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

朝(ちょう) • (chō) ←てう (teu)?

  1. the morning
  2. an imperial court
  3. an imperial reign or dynasty
  4. a country governed by a monarch
  5. a bustling place, such as downtown
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Suffix[edit]

朝(ちょう) • (-chō) ←てう (teu)?

  1. dynasty
    ブルボン朝(ちょう) ― Burubon-chō ― the Bourbon Dynasty
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Affix[edit]

朝(ちょう) • (chō) ←てう (teu)?

  1. morning
  2. imperial court
  3. (by extension) Japan
  4. having an audience with the emperor
  5. dynasty, regime
  6. (by extension) epoch, period
  7. Short for 朝鮮 (Chōsen): Korea, specifically short for 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国 (Chōsen Minshu Shugi Jinmin Kyōwakoku): Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

References[edit]

  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1093 (paper), page 597 (digital)
  2. ^ “朝”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  3. ^ “つとめて”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  4. ^ “夙に”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[3] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  5. ^ “浅”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[4] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
  9. ^ “朝・明日”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[5] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Chinese 朝 (MC trjew).

Historical readings

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

朝 (eumhun 아침 조 (achim jo))

  1. Hanja form? of 조 (“morning; day”).
  2. Hanja form? of 조 (“Joseon”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle Chinese 朝 (MC drjew).

Historical readings

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

朝 (eumhun 조정(朝廷) 조 (jojeong( 朝廷 ) jo))

  1. Hanja form? of 조 (“dynasty; imperial court”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [7]

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

朝

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Old Japanese[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Japonic *asa.

The as- stem refers to “the morning” or “after the dawn”, possibly cognate with or an apophonic form of 明日 (asu, “tomorrow”).

Noun[edit]

朝 (asa) (kana あさ)

  1. the morning, morn
    Antonym: 夕 (yupu)
Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:朝.

Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Descendants[edit]
  • Japanese: 朝 (asa)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Proto-Japonic *asita.

Possibly from 朝 (asa, “morning”, see above) +‎ た (ta, “direction, side”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Noun[edit]

朝 (asita) (kana あした)

  1. the morrow, next morning
    Antonym: 夕へ (yupupe1)
Quotations[edit]

For quotations using this term, see Citations:朝.

Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

朝: Hán Nôm readings: triều, chầu, chào, tràu, trều, triêu, chiều, giàu, giầu, trào

  1. Related to chầu (“to attend an audience; to attend upon (in design)”). (Nguyễn Văn Khang. Từ ngoại lai trong tiếng Việt, 2007)

Readings[edit]

  • Nôm: chào, chầu, chiều, chìu, dèo, giàu, trào, trèo, triêu, triều

References[edit]

  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville
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