山

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: Ш, ш, and ש
山 U+5C71, 山
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C71
← 屰
[U+5C70] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 屲 →
[U+5C72]
⼭ U+2F2D, ⼭
KANGXI RADICAL MOUNTAIN
← ⼬
[U+2F2C] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼮ →
[U+2F2E]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
Stroke order
(cursive)

Han character[edit]

See images of
Radical 46 山

山 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 山 (U), four-corner 22770, composition ⿶凵丨)

  1. Kangxi radical #46, ⼭.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 307, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7869
  • Dae Jaweon: page 604, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 759, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+5C71

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 山
alternative forms 𠙸
𡶸
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 山
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (山) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
山 *sreːn
疝 *sreːn, *sraːns
邖 *sreːn
汕 *sreːnʔ, *sraːns
訕 *sraːn, *sraːns
仙 *sen
秈 *sen
苮 *sen
屾 *srin

Pictogram (象形) – three mountain peaks. In the Oracle Bone Script, they were represented by triangles rather than vertical strokes. Compare 丘 (qiū), particularly earlier forms.

Etymology[edit]

Unclear – cognates not known outside Sino-Bai. Cognate with Central Bai svrt (“mountain”) < Proto-Bai *sro⁴.

Baxter and Sagart (2014) propose that it is derived from a root *ŋ(ˤ)rar (“slope, nearly vertical side”) that also derives 巘 (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”), 涯 (OC *ŋˤrar, “river bank”), 顏 (OC *C.ŋˤrar, “forehead”).

Starostin compares it with Kayan sʰôn (“mountain”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • soaⁿ - vernacular;
  • san - literary.
Note:
  • suan1 - vernacular;
  • sang1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 山
Mandarin Beijing /ʂan⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂan⁴⁴/
Tianjin /san²¹/
Jinan /ʂã²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʂan²⁴/
Xi'an /sã²¹/
Xining /sã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂan⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʂɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /san⁴⁴/
Wuhan /san⁵⁵/
Chengdu /san⁵⁵/
Guiyang /san⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʂã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʂaŋ³¹/
Hefei /ʂæ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /sæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /sɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /se⁵³/
Suzhou /se̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /sa³³/
Hui Shexian /sɛ³¹/
Tunxi /sɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /san³³/
Xiangtan /san³³/
Gan Nanchang /san⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /san⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sɑm²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /san⁵³/
Nanning /san⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /san⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /san⁵⁵/
/suã⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /saŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /suiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /suã³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /saŋ²³/
/tua²³/
Rime
Character 山
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 山 (73)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 所閒切
Baxter srean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʃˠɛn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʃᵚæn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʃæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʂəɨn/
Li
Rong 		/ʃɛn/
Wang
Li 		/ʃæn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʂăn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		saan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 山
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ srɛn ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-ŋrar/
English mountain, hill

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 山
Reading # 1/1
No. 11052
Phonetic
component 		山
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		山
Old
Chinese 		/*sreːn/

Definitions[edit]

山

  1. (countable) mountain; hill (Classifier: 座 m c; 粒 mn)
    登山  ―  dēngshān  ―  to climb a mountain
  2. hill-shaped object
    冰山  ―  bīngshān  ―  iceberg
  3. bundled straw in which silkworms spin cocoons
  4. gable
  5. (Cantonese, Liuzhou Mandarin, Pinghua) tomb; grave (Classifier: 個／个 c)
  6. a surname. Shan

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 山 (“mountain; hill”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 山
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 山
Mandarin Beijing 山
Taiwan 山
Tianjin 山
Chengde 山
Tangshan 山
Cangzhou 山
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 山
Baoding 山
Shijiazhuang 山
Chifeng 山
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 山
Heihe 山
Qiqihar 山
Harbin 山
Jiamusi 山
Baicheng 山
Changchun 山
Tonghua 山
Shenyang 山
Dandong 山
Jinzhou 山
Dalian 山
Yantai 山
Yantai (Muping) 山
Qingdao 山
Lijin 山
Zhucheng 山
Jinan 山
Jining 山
Luoyang 山
Shangqiu 山
Yuanyang 山
Zhengzhou 山
Lingbao 山
Xinyang 山
Ankang 山
Ankang (Xianhe) 山
Baihe 山
Baihe (Maoping) 山
Shiquan 山
Ziyang 山
Hanzhong 山
Xi'an 山
Dingbian 山
Baoji 山
Yinchuan 山
Wuzhong 山
Yanchi 山
Zhongwei 山
Guyuan 山
Longde 山
Jingyuan 山
Tianshui 山
Lanzhou 山
Dunhuang 山
Xining 山
Hami 山
Ürümqi 山
Wuhan 山
Yichang 山
Xiangyang 山
Tianmen 山
Hong'an 山
Chengdu 山
Nanchong 山
Dazhou 山
Hanyuan 山
Xichang 山
Zigong 山
Chongqing 山
Guiyang 山
Zunyi 山
Bijie 山
Liping 山
Zhaotong 山
Dali 山
Kunming 山
Mengzi 山
Lancang 山
Guilin 山
Pingle 山
Liuzhou 山
Luzhai 山
Nanning (Xiakuojie) 山
Nanning (Fujian) 山, 嶺
Nanning (Wuming) 山, 嶺
Binyang (Nanjie) 山
Yizhou 山, 嶺
Luocheng (Dongmen) 山
Tianlin (Langping) 山
Jishou 山
Changde 山
Yongzhou 山
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 山
Anqing 山
Xuzhou 山
Fuyang 山
Wuhu 山
Yangzhou 山
Lianyungang 山
Lianshui 山
Nanjing 山
Hefei 山
Nantong 山
Singapore 山
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 山
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 山
Dagudi (Maliba) 山
Reshuitang (Longling) 山
Mae Salong (Lancang) 山
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 山
Pematangsiantar 山
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 山
Cantonese Guangzhou 山
Hong Kong 山
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 山
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 山
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 山
Macau 山
Zhongshan (Chongkoumen Tanka) 山
Taishan 山
Taishan (Guanghai) 山
Shenzhen (Luohu) 山頭
Yangjiang 山, 山頭
Nanning 山, 嶺
Wuzhou 山, 界, 嶺 mound
Yulin 山, 嶺
Rongxian 山
Hepu (Lianzhou) 嶺頭, 山, 嶺
Hepu (Shatian) 山
Guiping (Jintian) 山
Guiping (Jiangkou) 山, 嶺
Guiping (Madong) 山, 嶺
Baise 山
Qinzhou 山, 嶺, 山嶺
Qinzhou (Changtan) 山, 嶺
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 嶺頭
Beihai 山, 嶺 small
Beihai (Nankang) 山
Beihai (Yingpan) 山
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 山 large, 嶺 small
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 山
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 山
Lingchuan (Yangjia) 山
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 山
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 山
Singapore (Guangfu) 山
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 山
Móng Cái 山 large, 嶺 small
Mandalay (Taishan) 山
Bangkok (Guangfu) 山
Betong (Rongxian) 山
Gan Nanchang 山
Pengze 山
Lichuan 山
Pingxiang 山
Ankang (Niuti) 山
Hakka Meixian 山, 嶺
Dabu (Xihe) 山
Dongguan (Qingxi) 嶺崗
Shenzhen (Luohu) 嶺崗
Wuhua (Huacheng) 山
Heyuan (Bendihua) 山
Wengyuan 山 large, 嶺 small
Nanxiong (Zhuji) 嶺
Liannan 嶺
Jiexi 山
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 山
Changting 嶺
Wuping (Yanqian) 嶺崗
Ninghua 山
Yudu 山, 嶺, 崠
Ningdu 嶺, 山
Tonggu (Sandu) 嶺, 山
Ganzhou (Panlong) 嶺
Dayu 嶺
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 山
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 山
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 山
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 山
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 山
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 山
Nantou (Guoxing; Lufeng) 斜
Hong Kong 山崗, 嶺崗
Yangxi (Tangkou) 山
Yangchun (Sanjia) 嶺
Xinyi (Sihe) 山
Xinyi (Qianpai) 山
Gaozhou (Xindong) 嶺崗
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 嶺
Huazhou (Xin'an) 山, 嶺
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 嶺, 山
Lianjiang (Qingping) 嶺
Mengshan (Xihe) 嶺
Luchuan 嶺, 山
Bobai (Shahe) 山
Bobai (Longtan) 山
Bobai (Lingping) 嶺頭
Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) 山
Xingye (Gaofeng) 山
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 山
Lipu (Shuangduitun) 山 rock, 嶺 soil
Pingle (Tong'an) 山, 嶺
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 山
Senai (Huiyang) 山
Singkawang 崠, 山崠
Bangkok (Meixian) 山
Bangkok (Jiexi) 山
Huizhou Jixi 山
Shexian 山
Shexian (Xianggao) 山
Shexian (Daguyun) 山
Jin Taiyuan 山
Pingyao 山
Yangyuan 山
Datong 山
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 山
Xinzhou 山
Lishi 山
Linfen 山
Changzhi 山
Linhe 山
Jining 山
Liangcheng 山
Hohhot 山
Erenhot 山
Pingshan 山
Zhangjiakou 山
Handan 山
Linzhou 山
Suide 山
Jiuxing Yumin Lanxi 山
Northern Min Jian'ou 山
Eastern Min Fuzhou 山
Southern Min Xiamen 山
Quanzhou 山
Yongchun 山
Zhangzhou 山
Dongshan 山
Tainan 山
Penang (Hokkien) 山
Singapore (Hokkien) 山
Manila (Hokkien) 山
Pingnan (Pingtian) 山
Guiping (Xiaowen) 山
Guiping (Dongsheng) 山
Guilin (Biyange) 山
Shantou 山
Shantou (Chenghai) 山
Shantou (Chaoyang) 山
Jieyang 山
Bangkok (Teochew) 山巴
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 山
Hat Yai (Teochew) 山
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 山
Singapore (Teochew) 山
Leizhou 山
Haikou 山
Puxian Min Putian 山
Putian (Donghai) 山
Putian (Jiangkou) 山
Putian (Nanri) 山
Xianyou 山
Xianyou (Fengting) 山
Xianyou (Youyang) 山
Central Min Yong'an 山
Yanping (Wangtai) 山
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 山
Nanning (Silian) 山, 嶺
Nanning (Xiuxiang) 山
Binyang 山
Hengzhou (Baihe) 嶺
Chongzuo (Laituan) 山
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dabu) 山
Guilin (Qianjing) 山, 山頭頭
Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) 山
Guilin (Liangjiang, Lingui) 山
Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 山, 嶺
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 山, 嶺
Lingchuan (Gaoqiao) 山
Lingchuan (Shuangzhou) 山
Guanyang (Guanyinge) 山
Liucheng (Yangmei) 山
Luocheng (Niubi) 山
Shehua Fu'an 山
Fuding 山
Luoyuan 山
Sanming 山
Shunchang 山
Hua'an 山
Guixi (Zhangping) 山
Cangnan 山
Jingning 山
Lishui 山
Longyou 山
Jiande 山
Chaozhou 山
Fengshun 山
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 山
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 山
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 山木
Chengbu (Xuntou) 山
Wu Shanghai 山
Shanghai (Chongming) 山
Suzhou 山
Danyang 山
Hangzhou 山
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 山
Ningbo 山
Wenzhou 山
Jinhua 山
Xiang Changsha 山
Xiangxiang 山
Loudi 山
Hengshan 嶺
Hengshan (Baiguo) 嶺
Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) 山包, 山包包
Dialectal synonyms of 墳 (“grave”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 墳墓, 墳
Mandarin Beijing 墳
Harbin 墳
Yantai (Muping) 墳
Jinan 墳
Luoyang 墳, 墳地, 塋地, 墳墓
Wanrong 墳, 墓
Xi'an 墳, 墓
Yinchuan 墳塋
Ürümqi 墳
Wuhan 墳
Chengdu 墳, 墳墓
Chongqing 墳, 墳墓
Guiyang 墳, 墳墓 large
Guilin 墳
Liuzhou 墳, 山
Xuzhou 墳墓, 墳
Yangzhou 墳, 墳攤, 墳攤堆子
Nanjing 墳
Hefei 墳堰
Changle (Qinjiang) 墳
Singapore 墓, 墳墓
Dagudi (Maliba) 墳堆
Reshuitang (Longling) 墳堆
Mae Salong (Lancang) 墳堆
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 墳
Cantonese Guangzhou 山墳, 山, 墳
Hong Kong 山墳, 墳, 墓, 墳墓
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 墳頭
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 墳頭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 墳頭
Macau 墳墓
Taishan (Guanghai) 墳墓
Dongguan 墓
Yangjiang 山, 墳山
Maoming (Xinpo) 墳山
Nanning 墳山
Wuzhou 墳山
Yulin 墳山
Hepu (Lianzhou) 墳山, 山
Hepu (Shatian) 山
Beihai 墳, 山
Beihai (Nankang) 墳
Beihai (Yingpan) 山, 墳山
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 墳墓, 墳頭, 墳山
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 墳墓, 墳山
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 墳墓
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 山墳, 義山
Singapore (Guangfu) 墳墓
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 山墳
Móng Cái 墳墓
Mandalay (Taishan) 墳山, 墳墓
Gan Nanchang 墳
Lichuan 墳, 墳塋 large
Jianning 地
Taining 地
Hakka Meixian 地, 墓
Xingning 泥壠 first burial, 地 second burial
Huidong (Daling) 地
Dongguan (Qingxi) 墳頭
Wuhua (Huacheng) 地, 地墳
Heyuan (Bendihua) 地
Wengyuan 地墳
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 地
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 地 second burial
Liannan 墳
Jiexi 地
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 地
Pinghe (Jiufeng) 地
Changting 地
Shanghang 地
Yongding 地
Wuping 地
Wuping (Yanqian) 地, 死佬
Wuping (Pingyu) 地
Liancheng 地
Ninghua 地
Qingliu 地
Yudu 地
Ruijin 地, 風水
Shicheng 地
Shangyou (Shexi) 地
Tonggu (Sandu) 墳, 地
Ganzhou (Panlong) 地
Dayu 地
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 風水
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 風水
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 風水
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 風水
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 風水
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 地, 風水
Hong Kong 墳頭
Yangxi (Tangkou) 山
Yangchun (Sanjia) 山, 山頭
Xinyi (Sihe) 山地
Xinyi (Qianpai) 墳山
Gaozhou (Xindong) 墳地
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 墳山
Huazhou (Xin'an) 墳地
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 墳, 墳地
Lianjiang (Qingping) 墳, 地 without a body buried
Mengshan (Xihe) 墳地
Luchuan 山
Senai (Huiyang) 墳, 風水, 義山
Senai (Hepo) 墳墓, 地 dated
Singkawang 地, 地門堂
Pontianak (Meixian) 地
Jin Taiyuan 墳, 墓
Northern Min Jian'ou 塚
Jian'ou (Dikou) 塚
Songxi 塚
Zhenghe 塚
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 塚
Jianyang 塚
Wuyishan 塚
Pucheng (Shibei) 塚
Eastern Min Fuzhou 墓
Changle 墓
Lianjiang 墓
Fuqing 墓
Pingtan 墓
Yongtai 墓
Minqing 墓
Gutian 地, 墓
Pingnan 墓
Luoyuan 墓
Fu'an 墓
Ningde 墓
Xiapu 墓
Zherong 墓
Shouning 墓
Zhouning 墓
Fuding 墓
Southern Min Xiamen 墓, 墓仔, 風水
Xiamen (Tong'an) 墓
Quanzhou 墓, 風水
Jinjiang 墓
Nan'an 墓
Shishi 墓
Hui'an 墓
Anxi 墓
Yongchun 墓
Dehua 墓
Zhangzhou 墓, 墓仔, 風水
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 墓
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 墓
Hua'an 墓
Nanjing 墓
Pinghe 墓仔
Zhangpu 墓
Yunxiao 墓
Zhao'an 墓
Dongshan 墓
Tainan 墓, 風水
Kinmen 墓
Penang (Hokkien) 墓
Singapore (Hokkien) 墓, 墓地, 公司山 dated
Manila (Hokkien) 墓, 風水
Longyan 墓
Zhangping 墓
Datian 墓
Chaozhou 墳, 風水
Lufeng 風水
Haifeng 風水
Bangkok (Teochew) 墳, 義山
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 墳
Hat Yai (Teochew) 墳
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 墳, 義山
Singapore (Teochew) 墳
Leizhou 墓
Haikou 墓
Puxian Min Putian 墓
Xianyou 墓
Central Min Yong'an 墳
Sanyuan 墳
Shaxian 墳
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 墓
Guangze 墓
Jiangle 地
Mingxi 地
Shunchang 塚, 墳
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 墳墓, 山
Shehua Fu'an 墓
Fuding 墓
Luoyuan 墳
Sanming 墳
Shunchang 墳
Hua'an 墳
Guixi (Zhangping) 墳
Cangnan 墳
Jingning 墳
Lishui 墳
Longyou 墳
Chaozhou 墳
Fengshun 墳
Wu Shanghai 墳, 墳墓, 墓
Shanghai (Chongming) 墳
Suzhou 墳
Danyang 墳墓
Hangzhou 墳
Ningbo 墳, 墓
Wenzhou 墳
Yiwu 墳頭
Pucheng 墳
Xiang Changsha 墳
Loudi 墳, 墓
Shuangfeng 墳, 墓
Jiangyong 祖

See also[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (山):
  • → Japanese: 山(さん) (san)
  • → Korean: 산(山) (san)
  • → Vietnamese: sơn (山)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

山

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
山
やま
Grade: 1
kun’yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

From Old Japanese 山 (yama). First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]

Reconstructed as deriving in turn from Proto-Japonic *yama (“mountain; forest”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

山(やま) or 山(ヤマ) • (yama) 

  1. a mountain (large mass of earth and rock) or (large) hill
  2. a mine (excavation usually consisting of small tunnels)
    Synonym: 鉱山 (kōzan)
  3. a heap, pile
  4. the top or high part of an object
    ねじ山(やま)
    nejiyama
    thread of a screw
    帽(ぼう)子(し)の山(やま)
    bōshi no yama
    crown of a hat
  5. a climax, peak
    Synonyms: クライマックス (kuraimakkusu), 絶頂 (zetchō)
    事(じ)件(けん)のやま
    jiken no yama
    climax of the event
  6. a chance, gamble
  7. a guess, speculation
  8. a crime, criminal case
    Synonym: 犯罪事件 (hanzai jiken)
  9. mountain climbing, mountaineering
    Synonym: 山登り (yamanobori)
  10. Short for 山鉾 (yamaboko): a festival float usually decorated with a 鉾 (hoko)
  11. (colloquial) Mount Hiei and/or Enryaku-ji
    Antonym: 寺 (tera)
  12. (mahjong) a wall, wall tile
  13. (informal) the △ symbol as used to mark what needs to be reviewed in study
    やまを張(は)る
    yama o haru
    to mark what needs to be reviewed
    はった山(やま)が当(あ)たった。
    Hatta yama ga atatta.
    My selection of what I needed to review for the test was correct.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Idioms[edit]
Idioms
Proverbs[edit]
Proverbs

Prefix[edit]

山(やま) • (yama-) 

  1. prefix for species that are wild or residing in mountains
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Counter[edit]

山(やま) • (-yama) 

  1. counter for number of stock rise and fall like a mountain (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  2. counter for number of mountains, forests and/or mines
Derived terms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

山(やま) • (Yama) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
山
さん
Grade: 1
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 山 (MC srean).

Sometimes spelled with rendaku (連濁), as -zan.

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

山(さん) • (-san) 

  1. Mount, Mt.
    1. suffix for names of mountains
    2. suffix for a temple's honorific mountain name (山号 (sangō))
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Affix[edit]

山(さん) • (san) 

  1. mountain
  2. mine
  3. temple, temple ground
  4. Short for 比叡山 (Hieizan): Mount Hiei

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
山
むれ
Grade: 1
irregular
Alternative spelling
牟礼

From Old Japanese, itself apparently a borrowing from Old Korean.[2][4][5] See Korean 뫼 (moe) for more.

The phonetic man'yōgana spelling 牟礼 for mure appears first in the Kojiki of 720 CE, but instead for the stem of verb 群れる (mureru, “to group together”).[6] The first instance of this spelling for the mountain sense is in the Heian period, in different 日本書紀私記 (Nihon Shoki Shiki) versions, themselves recompilations of the Nihon Shoki.[4] This reading with this sense apparently arises from the traditional 訓読 (kundoku) of a particular section of the Nihon Shoki, where the written word 山 is read as mure with an apparent meaning of mountain or hill.[4][7]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

山(むれ) • (mure) 

  1. (historical, Ancient Korea) mountain, hill
    Synonyms: (general term) 山 (yama, “mountain”), (general term) 丘 (oka, “hill”)

References[edit]

  1. ^ “山”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 “牟礼・山”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  5. ^ “山”, in デジタル大辞泉‎[3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  6. ^ “群”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[4] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  7. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, entry online here

Kikai[edit]

Kanji[edit]

山

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun[edit]

山(やま) (yama) 

  1. mountain

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 山 (MC srean). Recorded as Middle Korean 산 (san) (Yale: san) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

山 (eumhun 메/뫼 산 (me/moe san))

  1. Hanja form? of 산 (“mountain”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [6]

Kunigami[edit]

Kanji[edit]

山

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun[edit]

山(やまー) (yamā) 

  1. mountain

Miyako[edit]

Kanji[edit]

山

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun[edit]

山(やま) (yama) 

  1. mountain

Northern Amami-Oshima[edit]

Kanji[edit]

山

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun[edit]

山(やま) (yama) 

  1. mountain

Oki-No-Erabu[edit]

Kanji[edit]

山

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun[edit]

山(やま) (yama) 

  1. mountain

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

山

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun[edit]

山(やま) (yama) 

  1. mountain

Old Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Japonic *yama.

Noun[edit]

山 (yama) (kana やま)

  1. a mountain
    • 711–712, Kojiki, (poem 31):
      伊能知能麻多祁牟比登波多多美許母弊具理能夜麻能久麻加志賀波袁宇受爾佐勢曾能古
      ino2ti no2 matake1mu pi1to2 pa tatami1ko2mo2 Pe1guri-no2-yama no2 kumakasi no2 pa wo uzu ni sase so2no2 ko1
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. a forested area of a mountain for harvesting, hunting, etc.
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 4, poem 779:
      板盖之黑木乃屋根者山近之明日取而持將參來
      itapuki1 no2 kuro1ki2 no2 yane pa yama tikasi asu no2 pi1 to2rite motimawiriko2mu
      Since the mountains are close by, tomorrow I will cut down and bring you rough logs for your wooden roof.[1]
Descendants[edit]
  • Japanese: 山 (yama)

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from Old Korean.[2][3]

Compare Middle Korean 묗 (mwoy), and the etymology at Korean 뫼 (moe).

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

山 (mure) (kana むれ)

  1. a hill or mountain
Usage notes[edit]
  • No known Early Middle Japanese dictionaries attest the mure spelling phonetically, the earliest being found in the Mito-bon Hei Nihongi Shiki (1678).
Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Paula Doe, Yakamochi Ōtomo (1982) A Warbler's Song in the Dusk: The Life and Work of Ōtomo Yakamochi (718-785), illustrated edition, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 106
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Southern Amami-Oshima[edit]

Kanji[edit]

山

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun[edit]

山(やま) (yama) 

  1. mountain

Toku-No-Shima[edit]

Kanji[edit]

山

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun[edit]

山(やま) (yama) 

  1. mountain

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

山: Hán Việt readings: sơn[1][2][3], san[3]
山: Nôm readings: sơn[1][2], san[2][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of sơn (“mountain”).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).

Yaeyama[edit]

Kanji[edit]

山

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun[edit]

山(やま) (yama) 

  1. mountain

Yonaguni[edit]

Kanji[edit]

山

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun[edit]

山(だま) (dama) 

  1. mountain

Yoron[edit]

Kanji[edit]

山

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun[edit]

山(やま) (yama) 

  1. mountain
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=山&oldid=78925606"