安

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安 U+5B89, 安
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B89
← 守
[U+5B88] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 宊 →
[U+5B8A]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
6 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

安 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 十女 (JV), four-corner 30404, composition ⿱宀女)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 282, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7072
  • Dae Jaweon: page 552, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 913, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5B89

Chinese[edit]

trad. 安
simp. # 安
alternative forms 侒
𠕷
𭑨
𡚴
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 安 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 安 (Cantonese)
  • 安 (Gan)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 安
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (安) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
安 *qaːn
鞍 *qaːn
鞌 *qaːn
侒 *qaːn
按 *qaːns
案 *qaːns
洝 *qaːns
荌 *qaːns
晏 *qaːns, *qraːns
鴳 *qraːns
騴 *qraːns
鷃 *qraːns
頞 *qaːd
胺 *qaːd
咹 *qaːd

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 女 (“a woman or a kneeling person”) – person in a kneeling position sitting on the heels at home.

Etymology[edit]

calm; peaceful
A parallel stem is 宴 (OC *qeːns, “to be at ease; to rest”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).
Cognate with 按 (OC *qaːns, “to push down with hand”), an exoactive derivative, literally “to cause to be settled; calmed” (ibid.).
Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔɨāɫ (“rest”), comparing it to Mizo âwl (“to rest”) (and also noting Dhimal [script needed] (el-ka, “good”)). STEDT, however, traces the Mizo word to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-grwal ~ *ʔwal (“finish, loose, relax”) and did not list 安 (OC *qaːn) among its comparanda: namely 完 (OC *ɦŋoːn), 緩 (OC *ɢʷaːnʔ), 諼 (OC *qʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ), 援 (OC *ɢʷans, *ɢʷan).
where; how
Cognate with 惡 (OC *qaː, “how”) and 焉 (OC *qran, *qan, “where; how”), the latter of which is probably a variant of 安 (OC *qaːn).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • an - literary;
  • oaⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • ang1 - literary;
  • uan1 - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 安
Mandarin Beijing /an⁵⁵/
Harbin /an⁴⁴/
/nan⁴⁴/
Tianjin /nan²¹/
Jinan /ŋã²¹³/
Qingdao /ɣã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /an²⁴/
Xi'an /ŋã²¹/
Xining /nã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /an⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /an⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ŋan⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ŋan⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ŋan⁵⁵/
/an⁵⁵/ 新
Kunming /ã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /aŋ³¹/
Hefei /ʐæ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɣæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /ŋɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ŋæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ø⁵³/
Suzhou /ø⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /y³³/
Hui Shexian /ŋɛ³¹/
Tunxi /uːə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ŋan³³/
Xiangtan /ŋan³³/
Gan Nanchang /ŋɵn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /on⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /on²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ɔn⁵³/
Nanning /ɔn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /ɔn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /an⁵⁵/
/uã⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /aŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /uiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /aŋ³³/
/uã³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /aŋ²³/
/ua²³/
Rime
Character 安
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 烏寒切
Baxter 'an
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔan/
Li
Rong 		/ʔɑn/
Wang
Li 		/ɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		on1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 安 安 安
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ān ān ān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ 'an › ‹ 'an › ‹ 'an ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/ /*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/ /*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/
English peace(ful) how 安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 安
Reading # 1/1
No. 11
Phonetic
component 		安
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		安
Old
Chinese 		/*qaːn/

Definitions[edit]

安

  1. calm; peaceful; tranquil; quiet
    安寧／安宁  ―  ānníng  ―  peaceful; tranquil
    安睡  ―  ānshuì  ―  to sleep peacefully
    不安  ―  bù'ān  ―  uneasy; disturbed
  2. comfortable; at ease
    安逸  ―  ānyì  ―  easy and comfortable
  3. safe; secure
    安然無恙／安然无恙  ―  ānránwúyàng  ―  safe and sound
    轉危為安／转危为安  ―  zhuǎnwēiwéi'ān  ―  avert a danger
  4. to calm; to pacify
    安神  ―  ānshén  ―  to calm the nerves
    除暴安良  ―  chúbào'ānliáng  ―  to get rid of bullies and bring peace to good people
    天安門／天安门  ―  Tiān'ānmén  ―  Tiananmen, Beijing; literally "the gate of Heaven's peacemaking"
  5. to feel satisfied with
    安於現狀／安于现状  ―  ānyúxiànzhuàng  ―  to be content with the status quo (and unwilling to progress)
    安貧樂道／安贫乐道  ―  ānpínyuèdào  ―  to be happy to live a simple and virtuous life
  6. to find a place for; to plant
    安插  ―  ānchā  ―  to place (somebody) in a certain position
    安家落戶／安家落户  ―  ānjiāluòhù  ―  to settle in a new place
  7. to fit; to install
    安電燈／安电灯  ―  ān diàndēng  ―  to install electric lighting
  8. to cherish; to harbour
  9. to confer (a title); to bestow; to put (the blame on someone)
    隨便給他安個罪名 [MSC, trad.]
    随便给他安个罪名 [MSC, simp.]
    suíbiàn gěi tā ān ge zuìmíng [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  10. (Cantonese) ounce
    五安奶 [Cantonese]  ―  ng5 on1 naai5 [Jyutping]  ―  five ounces of milk
  11. (literary) where
  12. (literary) how; why
  13. (physics) Short for 安培 (ānpéi, “ampere”).
  14. Short for 安非他命 (ānfēitāmìng, “amphetamine”).
    吸安  ―  xī'ān  ―  to use amphetamine (illegally)
  15. a surname
    安祿山／安禄山  ―  Ān Lùshān  ―  An Lushan
    1. (historical) a surname. Given to people from the Arsacid or Parthian Empire (安息 or 安國／安国)
  16. Short for 安那其主義／安那其主义 (ānnàqí zhǔyì, “anarchism”).

Synonyms[edit]

  • (ounce):
Dialectal synonyms of 盎司 (“ounce”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 盎司
Mandarin Taiwan 盎司
Cantonese Guangzhou 安士, 安
Hong Kong 安士, 安
Hakka Meixian 安士, 英兩
Southern Min Xiamen 盎司

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (安):
  • → Japanese: 安(あん) (an)
  • → Korean: 안(安) (an)
  • → Vietnamese: an (安)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

安

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
安
あん
Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 安 (MC 'an).

Affix[edit]

安(あん) • (an) 

  1. calm; peaceful
  2. tranquil
  3. safe; secure
  4. easy; simple
  5. (chemistry) ammonium

Derived terms[edit]

Compounds

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

安 (eumhun 편안 안 (pyeonan an))

  1. Hanja form? of 안 (“peace, peacefulness”).

Compounds[edit]

Tày[edit]

Adjective[edit]

安 (an)

  1. Nôm form of an (“peaceful”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

安: Hán Việt readings: an[1][2][3][4][5], yên[4][5]
安: Nôm readings: yên[1][2][3][6][4][7], an[1][2][4][7], án[1], ăn[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of an (“safe; secure”).
  2. chữ Hán form of yên (“calm; peaceful”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds derived from 安 (an)
Compounds derived from 安 (yên)

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Hồ (1976).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Zhuang[edit]

Classifier[edit]

安

  1. Alternative form of 𬻹 (“Sawndip form of aen”)

References[edit]

  • 古壮字字典 (in Chinese), Guangxi: Ethnic Publishing House (广西民族出版社), 2012, →ISBN, page 1
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