Appendice:Inglese/Verbi irregolari

La seguente è una tabella di verbi inglesi irregolari.

Nella prima colonna i verbi vengono numerati. La seconda contiene l'infinito del verbo, seguito eventualmente da altre forme del presente semplice. Nella terza colonna abbiamo il passato semplice. Il participio passato nella quarta. La quinta colonna annota se il verbo appartiene ai verbi deboli o forti delle lingue germaniche, e se appartengono a delle sottoclassi (per approfondimenti verbi nelle lingue germaniche (in inglese)).

	infinito (simple form/infinitive)	passato semplice (past tense/simple past)	participio passato (past participle)	Note
1	abide	abided/abode	abided/abode	Forte, classe 1
2	arise	arose	arisen	Forte, classe 1
3	awake	awoke / awaked	awoken / awaked	Forte, classe 6
4	be	was, were	been	Suppletive. See: Indo-European copula.
5	bear	bore	born (nato) / borne (trasportato)	Forte, classe 4
6	beat	beat	beaten / beat	Forte, classe 7
7	become	became	become	Forte, classe 4
8	befall	befell	befallen	Forte, classe 7
9	beget	begot / begat (arcaico)	begot / begotten
10	begin	began	begun	Forte, classe 3
11	behold	beheld	beheld	Forte, classe 7
12	bend	bent	bent	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
13	bereave	bereaved / bereft	bereaved / bereft	Forte, classe 6
14	beseech	besought / beseeched	besought / beseeched	Debole, con Rückumlaut e "Germanic spirant law"
15	beset	beset	beset	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
16	bespeak	bespoke	bespoke / bespoken
17	bestrew	bestrewed	bestrewed / bestrewn
18	bet	bet / betted	bet / betted	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
19	betake	betook	betaken
20	bethink	bethought	bethought
21	bid (all'asta)	bid	bid	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
22	bid (salutare / richiedere / dire)	bade / bid	bade / bidden / bid	Forte, classe 5
23	bide	bode / bided	bode / bided	Forte, classe 1
24	bind	bound	bound	Forte, classe 3
25	bite	bit	bitten / bit	Forte, classe 1
26	bleed	bled	bled	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
27	blend	blent UK / blended	blended
28	bless	blest / blessed	blest / blessed
29	blow	blew	blown	Forte, classe 7
30	break	broke	broken	Forte, classe 4
31	breastfeed	breastfed	breastfed
32	breed	bred	bred	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
33	bring	brought	brought	Debole, con Rückumlaut e "Germanic spirant law"
34	broadcast	broadcast	broadcast	Debole
35	browbeat	browbeat	browbeat / browbeaten	Forte, classe 7
36	build	built	built	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
37	burn	burnt / burned	burnt / burned	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
38	burst	burst	burst	Forte, classe 3
39	bust	busted / bust	busted / bust
40	buy	bought	bought	Debole, con Rückumlaut e "Germanic spirant law"
41	can	could	been able to	Preterite-present; defective
42	cast	cast	cast	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
43	catch	caught	caught	Debole - a French loanword conjugated perhaps by analogy with teach-taught
44	chide	chid / chided	chid / chidden	Forte, classe 5
45	choose	chose	chosen	Forte, classe 2
46	cleave (spaccare)	clove	cloven	Forte, classe 2
47	cleave (aderire)	cleft / cleaved	cleft / cleaved	Debole, con "vowel reduction"
48	cling	clung	clung	Forte, classe 3
49	colorbreed	colorbred	colorbred
50	come	came	come	Forte, classe 4
51	cost (intransitivo: essere prezzato)	cost	cost	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
52	creep	crept	crept	Forte, classe 2
53	crow	crowed / crew (archaic)	crowed / crew (archaic)
54	cut	cut	cut	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
55	deal	dealt	dealt	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
56	dig	dug	dug
57	dive	dived, US dove	dived, US dove	Forte, classe 2
58	do (irregular 3a sing.: does [dʌz])	did	done	Reduplication with p.p. springing from OE "gedon"
59	draw	drew	drawn	Forte, classe 6
60	dream	dreamt / dreamed	dreamt / dreamed	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
61	drink	drank	drunk	Forte, classe 3
62	drive	drove	driven	Forte, classe 1
63	dwell	dwelt / dwelled	dwelt / dwelled	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
64	eat	ate	eaten	Forte, classe 5
65	enwind	enwound	enwound
66	fall	fell	fallen	Forte, classe 7
67	feed	fed	fed	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
68	feel	felt	felt	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
69	fight	fought	fought	Forte, classe 3
70	find	found	found	Forte, classe 3
71	fit (tutti i significati eccetto cucire/adattare)	fit	fit	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
72	fit (cucire, adattare)	fit / fitted	fit / fitted
73	flee	fled	fled	Debole, con "vowel reduction"
74	fling	flung	flung	Forte, classe 3
75	fly	flew / flied (baseball)	flown / flied (baseball)	Forte, classe 2
76	forbear	forbore	forborne
77	forbid	forbade / forbid	forbidden / forbid	Forte, classe 5
78	forecast	forecast / UK forecasted	forecast / UK forecasted	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
79	forego	forewent	foregone	Suppletive: See Go (verb).
80	forefeel	forefelt	forefelt
81	foreknow	foreknew	foreknown
82	forerun	foreran	forerun
83	foresee	foresaw	foreseen	Forte, classe 5
84	foreshow	foreshowed	foreshown / foreshowed
85	forespeak	forespoke	forespoken
86	foretell	foretold	foretold	Debole, con Rückumlaut
87	forget	forgot	forgotten / forgot	Forte, classe 5
89	forgive	forgave	forgiven	Forte, classe 5
90	forgo	forwent	forgone	Supplitive: See Go (verb).
91	forsake	forsook	forsaken	Forte, classe 6
92	forswear	forswore	forsworn
93	freeze	froze	frozen	Forte, classe 2
94	get	got	got / US gotten	Forte, classe 5
95	ghostwrite	ghostwrote	ghostwritten
96	gild	gilt / gilded	gilt / gilded
97	give	gave	given	Forte, classe 5
98	go	went	gone	Supplitive: See Go (verb).
99	grave (scolpire)	graved	graven / graved
100	grind (tutti i significati escluso danzare)	ground	ground
101	grow	grew	grown	Forte, classe 7
102	hagride	hagrode	hagridden
103	handwrite	handwrote	handwritten
104	hang (essere sospesi, galleggiare nell'aria)	hung	hung	Preterite-present strong preterit comes from the old p.p.
105	have (irregular 3a sing.: has)	had	had
106	hear	heard	heard	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
107	heave (termine nautico)	heaved / hove	heaved / hove
108	hew	hewed	hewn	Forte, classe 7
109	hide	hid	hidden
110	hit	hit	hit	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
111	hold	held	held	Forte, classe 7
112	housesit	housesat	housesat
113	hurt	hurt	hurt	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
114	input	input / inputted	input / inputted	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
115	inset	inset	inset	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
116	interbreed	interbred	interbred	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
117	interweave	interwove	interwoven	Forte, classe 7
118	keep	kept	kept	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
119	ken	kenned / kent	kenned / kent
120	kneel	knelt / US kneeled	knelt / US kneeled	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
121	knit	knit / knitted	knit / knitted	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
122	know	knew	known	Forte, classe 7
123	lay (to put, to place; transitive)	laid	laid	Debole, irregolare solo nello spelling
124	lead	led	led	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
125	lean	leaned / UK, leant	leaned / UK leant	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
126	leap	leapt / leaped	leapt / leaped	Forte, classe 7
127	learn	learned / UK learnt	learned / UK learnt	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
128	leave	left	left	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
129	lend	lent	lent	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
130	let	let	let	Forte, classe 7
131	lie (mettere qualcuno orizzontalmente; intransitivo)	lay	lain	Forte, classe 5
132	light	lit / lighted	lit / lighted	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
133	lip-read	lip-read	lip-read
134	lose	lost	lost	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
135	make	made	made	Debole
136	may	might	(nessuno)	Preterite-present; defective
137	mean	meant	meant	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
138	meet	met	met	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
139	miscast	miscast	miscast
140	mishear	misheard	misheard	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
141	mislay	mislaid	mislaid	Debole, irregolare solo nello spelling
142	mislead	misled	misled	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
143	misread	misread	misread	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
144	misspell	misspelled / UK misspelt	misspelled / UK misspelt	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
145	mistake	mistook	mistaken	Forte, classe 6
146	misunderstand	misunderstood	misunderstood	Forte, classe 6
147	mow	mowed	mown / US mowed	Forte, classe 7
148	outbid	outbid	outbid / outbidden	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
149	outdo	outdid	outdone
150	outgrow	outgrew	outgrown	Forte, classe 7
151	outrun	outran	outrun	Forte, classe 3
152	outsell	outsold	outsold	Debole, con Rückumlaut
153	overcast	overcast	overcast	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
154	overcome	overcame	overcome	Forte, classe 4
155	overdo	overdid	overdone
156	overdraw	overdrew	overdrawn	Forte, classe 6
157	overeat	overate	overeaten	Forte, classe 5
158	overhang	overhung	overhung	Preterite-present
159	overhear	overheard	overheard	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
160	overlay	overlaid	overlaid	Debole, irregolare solo nello spelling
161	overlie	overlay	overlain	Forte, classe 5
162	overpay	overpaid	overpaid	Debole, irregolare solo nello spelling
163	override	overrode	overridden	Forte, classe 1
164	overrun	overran	overrun	Forte, classe 3
165	oversee	oversaw	overseen	Forte, classe 5
166	oversell	oversold	oversold	Debole, con Rückumlaut
167	overshoot	overshot	overshot	Forte, classe 2
168	oversleep	overslept	overslept	Forte, classe 7
169	overtake	overtook	overtaken	Forte, classe 6
170	overthrow	overthrew	overthrown	Forte, classe 7
171	panic	panicked	panicked
172	partake	partook	partaken	Forte, classe 6
173	pay	paid	paid	Debole, irregolare solo nello spelling
174	pen (rinchiudere)	penned / pent	penned / pent
175	picnic	picknicked	picknicked
176	plead	pled / pleaded	pled / pleaded	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
177	pre-set	pre-set	pre-set
178	proofread	proofread	proofread	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
179	prove	proved / prove	proved / US proven	borrowed French verb
180	put	put	put	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
181	quit	quit (tutti gli altri sensi)/ quitted (lasciare una stanza)	quit (tutti gli altri sensi) / quitted (lasciare una stanza)	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
182	read	read (IPA: /red/, souna come "red")	read (IPA: /red/, suona come "red")	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
183	reave	reft / rove	reft / reaven	Forte, classe 6
184	rebind	rebound	rebound
185	rebuild	rebuilt	rebuilt	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
186	recast	recast	recast	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
187	redo	redid	redone
188	re-lay	re-laid	re-laid	Debole, irregolare solo nello spelling
189	remake	remade	remade	Debole
190	rend	rent / US rended	rent / US rended
191	repay	repaid	repaid	Debole, irregolare solo nello spelling
192	rerun	reran	rerun	Forte, classe 3
193	resell	resold	resold	Debole, con Rückumlaut
194	reset	reset	reset	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
195	rethink	rethought	rethought	Debole, con Rückumlaut e "Germanic spirant law"
196	rewind	rewound	rewound
197	rewrite	rewrote	rewritten	Forte, classe 1
198	rid	rid / ridded	rid / ridded
199	ride	rode	ridden	Forte, classe 1
200	ring	rang	rung	Forte, classe 3
201	rise	rose	risen	Forte, classe 1
202	rive	rived / rove	rived / riven	Forte, classe 1
203	run	ran	run	Forte, classe 3
204	saw	sawed	sawed / sawn
205	say (irregulare 3a sing.: says [sɛz])	said	said	Debole
206	see	saw	seen	Forte, classe 5
207	seek	sought	sought	Debole, con Rückumlaut e "Germanic spirant law"
208	sell	sold	sold	Debole, con Rückumlaut
209	send	sent	sent	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
210	set	set	set	Debole
211	sew	sewed	sewn / sewed
212	shake	shook	shaken	Forte, classe 6
213	shall	should	(nessuno)	Preterite-present; defective; see also Shall and will
214	shave	shaved / shove	shaved / shaven	Forte, classe 6
215	shear	shore / sheared	shorn / sheared	Forte, classe 4
216	shed	shed	shed	Forte, classe 7
217	shine	shone (tutti i significati eccetto lucidare)/ shined	shone (tutti i significati eccetto lucidare)/ shined	Forte, classe 1
218	shit	shitted / shit / shat	shitted / shit / shat	Forte, classe 1
210	shite	shit / shat / shited	shit / shat / shited	Forte, classe 1
220	shoe	shoed / shod	shoed / shod	Debole, con "vowel reduction"
221	shoot	shot	shot	Forte, classe 2
222	show	showed	shown / showed
223	shrink	shrank / US shrunk	shrunk / US shrunken	Forte, classe 3
224	shrive	shrove / shrived	shriven
225	shut	shut	shut	Debole
226	sing	sang	sung	Forte, classe 3
227	sink	sank	sunk	Forte, classe 3
228	sit	sat	sat / sitten / setten	Forte, classe 5
229	slay	slew / slayed	slain / slayed	Forte, classe 6
230	sleep	slept	slept	Forte, classe 7
231	slide	slid	slid	Forte, classe 1
232	sling	slung / slang	slung	Forte, classe 3
233	slink	slunk / slinked	slunk / slinked	Forte, classe 3
234	slit	slit	slit	Forte, classe 1
235	smell	smelled US / smelt	smelled US / smelt	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
236	smite	smote	smitten / smote	Forte, classe 1
237	sneak	sneaked / snuck US	sneaked / snuck US
238	sow	sowed	sowed / sown	Forte, classe 7
239	speak	spoke	spoken	Forte, classe 5
240	speed	sped / US speeded	sped / US speeded	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
241	spell	spelled US / spelt	spelled US / spelt	Debole
242	spend	spent	spent	Debole
243	spill	spilled / spilt	spilled / spilt	Debole
244	spin	spun / inglese australiano span	spun	Forte, classe 3
245	spit	spat / US spit	spat / US spit
246	split	split	split	Debole
247	spoil	spoiled / spoilt	spoiled / spoilt	Debole
248	spoon-feed	spoon-fed	spoon-fed
249	spread	spread	spread	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
250	spring	sprang / US sprung	sprung	Forte, classe 3
251	stand	stood	stood	Forte, classe 6
252	steal	stole	stolen	Forte, classe 4
253	stick	stuck	stuck
254	sting	stung	stung	Forte, classe 3
255	stink	stank / stunk	stunk	Forte, classe 3
256	strew	strewed	strewn / strewed
257	stride	strode	stridden	Forte, classe 1
258	strike (eliminare)	struck	stricken
259	strike (colpire)	struck	struck / stricken
260	string	strung	strung	Debole, con sviluppo naturale di forma Forte intransitiva
261	strive	strove / strived	striven / strived	Forte, classe 1
262	swear	swore	sworn	Forte, classe 6
263	sweat	sweat / sweated	sweat / sweated
264	sweep	swept	swept	Debole, con "vowel reduction" e "assimilation of dentals"
265	swell	swelled	swollen / swelled	Forte, classe 3
266	swim	swam	swum	Forte, classe 3
267	swing	swung	swung	Forte, classe 3
268	take	took	taken	Forte, classe 6
269	teach	taught	taught	Debole, con Rückumlaut e "Germanic spirant law"
270	tear	tore	torn	Forte, classe 4
271	tell	told	told	Debole, con Rückumlaut
272	think	thought	thought	Debole, con Rückumlaut e "Germanic spirant law"
273	thrive	thrived / US throve	thrived / US thriven	Forte, classe 1
274	throw	threw	thrown	Forte, classe 7
275	thrust	thrust	thrust
276	tread	trod	trodden / trod	Forte, classe 5
277	unbind	unbound	unbound	Forte, classe 3
278	undergo	underwent	undergone
279	underlie	underlay	underlain	Forte, classe 5
280	understand	understood	understood	Forte, classe 6
281	undertake	undertook	undertaken	Forte, classe 6
282	underwrite	underwrote	underwritten	Forte, classe 1
283	undo	undid	undone
284	unwind	unwound	unwound	Forte, classe 3
285	uphold	upheld	upheld	Forte, classe 7
286	upset	upset	upset	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
287	wake	woke / waked	woken / waked	Forte, classe 6
288	waylay	waylaid	waylaid	Debole, irregolare solo nello spelling
289	wear	wore	worn
290	weave	wove	woven	Forte, classe 7
291	wed	wed / wedded	wed / wedded	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
292	weep	wept	wept	Forte, classe 7
293	wend	went (arcaico)	went (arcaico)
294	wet	wet / wetted	wet / wetted	Debole, con "assimilation of dentals"
295	will (eccetto come verbo transitivo)	would	(nessuno)	Preterite-present; defective; see also Shall and will
296	win	won	won	Forte, classe 3
297	wind	wound	wound	Forte, classe 3
298	withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	Forte, classe 6
299	withhold	withheld	withheld	Forte, classe 7
300	withstand	withstood	withstood	Forte, classe 6
301	work (transitivo)	worked / wrought (raro / arcaico)	worked / wrought (raro / arcaico)	Debole
302	wring	wrung	wrung	Forte, classe 3
303	write	wrote	written	Forte, classe 1
304	zinc	zincked / zinced	zincked / zinced

Note

I seguenti verbi, tratti dalla precedente lista, vengono scritti alla stessa maniera nel presente semplice e nel passato semplice (sono esclusi i composti come set, beset, inset, upset etc.) : beat, bet, bid, burst, bust, cast, cost, cut, fit, hit, hurt, knit, let, list, put, quit, read, rid, set, shed, shit, shut, slit, spit, split, spread, sweat, thrust, wed, wet. (Da notare che tra tutti i precedenti, solo "read" è pronunciato in manieta differente tra il presente e il passato)

Il passato semplice e il participio passato sono solitamente uguali se il passato semplice termina in -ed. Eccezioni fanno show - showed - shown (da notare che può anche aversi show - showed - showed) e "prove - proved - proven" (di nuovo, "prove - proved - proved" è anche ammesso).

Va notato che molti verbi inglesi sono irregolari in un dialetto e regolari in un altro. In molti casi, come spell (spelt vs. spelled), learn (learnt vs. learned) e spill (spilt vs. spilled), l'inglese americano usa la forma regolare, mentre l'inglese britannico preferisce quella irregolare. In altri casi è vero l'opposto (dived e sneaked in inglese britannico contro dove e snuck in inglese americano). L'inglese australiano tende a seguire quello britannico mentre l'inglese canadese spesso si allinea all'uso americano. Per ulteriori informazioni, fare riferimento a American and British English differences (in inglese).

Le forme segnate UK sono usate nello United Kingdom, ma sono raramente trovate o sono considerate scorrette negli US. Le forme segnate US sono usate negli United States of America, come prima, sono raramente trovate o sono considerate scorrette in UK. Forme senza etichette possono essere considerate standard in entrambe le principali varietà di inglese.

Collegamenti esterni

• Verbi nella grammatica inglese , wikibook in inglese
• Verbbusters - Verbi Irregolari Inglesi- Ricerca e Pratica